Mar 25, 2008 urine is a clear, strawcoloured fluid. Frozen specimens are thawed for analysis at refrigeration temperature 28 c and remain at refrigeration. The primary document, the guidelines, was initially drafted in response to the growth and regulation of forensic urine drug testing. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. Urine specimens arrive frozen on dry ice or fresh 28 c as per study protocols.
Initial analysis at the facility which indicates the presence of a controlled substance shall be subject to a confirmation test. A midstream urine is one in which the first half of the bladder urine is discarded and the collection vessel is introduced into the urinary. Introduce yourself, give the subject the supplies, and explain the cleancatch midstream urine collection procedure. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical. It is best to make at least 2 smears using 2 different techniques. It includes tests for glucose, bilirubin, ketone acetoacetic acid, specific gravity, blood content, ph, protein, urobilinogen, nitrite, and. Urine specimens should be refrigerated if they cannot be examined within 2 hours because urine begins to break down after that time, becoming more alkaline, and rendering some urine tests inaccurate. A randomly voided sample is suitable for most routine urinalysis. To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the. Drug testing procedures manual introduction legal authority. Refusal to submit a urine specimen is considered the same as receiving a positive test result and shall subject the offender to disciplinary action under the appropriate disciplinary process. Urine analysis 4 release them sporadically during the day which means they may be missed by a single urine sample.
It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease and the analysis of urine are developed from simple visual examination to the modern automated methods. Additionally, this testing program shall incorporate procedures for when offenders fail to provide an adequate specimen or refuse to participate in the urinalysis program. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. Cleancatch, midstream urine specimen collected after cleansing the external urethral meatus. The excel files containing all raw data and results are backed up daily using a cd writer or external drive for storage.
The most often used body fluid in drug testing is urine, and the procedure is urinalysis. A urinalysis is a laboratory test to detect problems with your body that can show signs in your urine. The forensic toxicology laboratory guidelines were originally published in 1991 as two main documents guidelines plus appendix, plus the selfevaluation checklist. It may have no particular smell, or a slight aroma that may alter as a result of disease, concentration or time stored in the bladder. Toilet paper will contaminate the urine and produce an inaccurate result. The chemstrip urine analyzer calibration strips catalog number 418007 should remain in the vial until just before use. Mix the urine and pour into a centrifuge tube until it is. Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. Potential diagnoses may include infection, kidney stones, trauma, exercise or spurious causes, such as foods, drugs or menstruation, and a tumour. If the urine specimen has been refrigerated, it should be brought to room temperature before testing.
Precipitation of proteinenough urine to contain between 5 and 20 mg. Problems with your lungs, kidneys, urinary tract, skin, and bladder can affect the appearance. Microbiology fact sheet urine mc interpretation of results. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Procedure if the urine contains a precipitate, it should be filtered before analysis. This procedure provides instructions for analyzing urine. A 24yearold obese diabetic woman had the following blood and urine test results from specimens obtained at the same time. It is a very common test that can be performed in many health care settings, including doctors offices, urgent care facilities, laboratories, hospitals, and even at home. Urine clarity is a good but not infallible guide to the presence or absence of uti. Policy and administrative procedures manual of policies and.
To the extent feasible, drug testing shall be completed prior to. The urinalysis is a set of screening tests that can provide a general overview of a persons health. Lightly flick the bottom of the tube multiple times with your finger to gently resuspend the formed elements. The procedures for collection of urine under these rules are very specific and must be followed whenever a dotrequired urine specimen collection is performed. To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the twohour time period, if requested. Urine analysis, also called urinalysis one of the oldest laboratory procedures in the practice of medicine.
To the extent feasible, drug testing shall be completed prior to the initial. A cleancatch midstream urine sample can be collected at any time. Do not touch the elevated gray areas on the strips. The only exception is the federal railroad administrations postaccident toxicological testing program in which a. A cotton sponge soaked with benzalkonium hydrochloride is useful and nonirritating for this purpose. Normally the urine is clear when freshly voided but may be cloudy due to phosphates and. Treat urine specimens as though potentially infectious. A person designated by the athlete to assist with the verification of the sample collection procedure, not including the passing of the sample. Urine sampling and culture in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in adults. Ask the resident not to put toilet paper with the sample. The more concentrated the urine, the more yellow and darker it becomes dougherty and lister, 2004. The normal urine is clear and yellow, amber coloured due to the presence of pigment urochrome. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it.
The ph of urine is slightly acidic approximately 56. The procedure for using the dipstick is as follows. Ask resident to void into the urine hat placed on the toilet, or to urinate in the bedpan. The urisys 1100 urine analyzer must be calibrated every seven days or when indicated by the analyzer. Originating office office of program analysis and coordination, center for substance abuse treatment. The complete urinalysis by rick cowell, dvm, ms, dacvp q. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine.
Glucose color reagent and the glucose standard are irritants. The 24 hour urine specimen is brought to the laboratory as soon as possible as the 24hour period is over. General urine specimen collection procedure ltr27570. Dipstick urine analysis without urine culture is sufficient for dxof uncomplicated uti sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% when positive for either leukocyte esterase or nitrite. Wash your hands and collect a urine collection container, plastic bag, and an antiseptic wipe. In very dilute urine, small quantities of chemicals may be undetectable. Best practices in drug testing 04252018 mckenzie,b.
Frozen specimens are thawed for analysis at refrigeration temperature 28 c and. Normally the urine is clear when freshly voided but may be cloudy due to phosphates and growth of bacteria. Ideally, the smear should be made from the sediment after centrifugation of the urine sample. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. Many believe that odoriferous urine is a sign of infection, but it can simply represent a.
Patient assessment part 6 urinalysis nursing times. If the sample is extremely hypocellular, it may be very difficult to see the pellet. Type of collection discussion random there are no particular precautions to avoid contamination. May discern between cocciand bacillary forms of bacteria on unstained urine sample. A urinalysis test is performed by collecting a urine sample from the patient in a specimen cup. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich.
A clean collection device is necessary for accurate lab evaluation. Patients with orders for a urine culture and sensitivity are given the proper midstream urine collection kit and the appropriate instruction sheet. Gp16a2 urinalysis and collection, transportation, and. This person may be a member of the athletes support personnel, such as a. Completely dip the test areas of the strip in fresh, wellmixed, uncentrifuged urine. Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. An offender is expected to provide a urine specimen within two 2 hours of the request. Substance abuse and mental health services administration, 2010.
Ask him or her to go to bathroom and pass urine into the container. Legal issues in drug testing probation and parole clients and. Test urine as soon as possible but if urine cannot be tested within 1 hour refrigerate the specimen immediately let the specimen return to room temperature and invert. The samples of albuminous urine usually range from 0. For the nhanes iv, specimens are shipped on dry ice by overnight courier and stored at 70 c upon arrival. In each of the districts, pretrial services, as mandated under section 3154 of title 18, shall make the arrangements for the collection and testing of urine specimens. Approved guideline second edition nccls document gp16a2 is written for laboratory and nonlaboratory personnel responsible for the collection, transport, and analysis of urine specimens. Add a weak solution of iodine by dropper tofrom a layer on the surface of urine. If green colour develops at the junction of theiodine and urine it indicates the presence ofbile pigment in. Policy and administrative procedure manual of policies and. Urine culture identify specific organism causing infection if any typically takes days to result. Useful notes on the procedure and techniques of urine analysis.